INSTEAD OF USING 1 EGG:
- 2 tbsp water + 1 tbsp of oil + 2 tbsp of baking powder
- 1 tbsp ground flax seeds simmered in 3 tbsp of water
- 2 tbsp water + 2 tbsp baking powder
- ¼ cup of tofu
- 1 egg white = dissolve 1 tbsp plain unflavoured gelatin in 1 tbsp water. Whip, chill and whip
INSTEAD OF USING VINEGAR:
- Lemon juice, lime juice, or unsweetened cranberry juice
- Dilute 1 tsp Vitamin C in ¼ cup of water
INSTEAD OF 1 CUP OF FLOUR (White flour or whole wheat flour or all-purpose flour):
Gluten options:
- 1 cup of barley
- 1 1/3 cups ground rolled oats
- ¾ cup oat flour
- 1 ¼ cups rye flour
- 1 cup of spelt flour
- ½ cup of rye flour + 1/3 cup potato flour
- 1/3 cup of rye flour + 5/8 cup rice flour
- ½ cup of arrowroot + ½ cup rye flour
Non-gluten options:
- 7/8 cup of amaranth flour
- 7/8 cup of buckwheat
- 7/8 cup of chickpea flour
- ¾ cup of coarse cornmeal
- 1 cup of corn flour
- ¾ cup of cornstarch
- ¾ cup of millet flour
- ½ cup of ground nuts or seeds
- 5/8 cup of potato flour
- ¾ cup of rice flour
- ¾ cup of soy flour
- 1 cup of tapioca flour
- 1 cup of soy flour + ¾ cup potato flour
- 5/8 cup rice flour + ½ potato flour
- ½ cup of arrowroot + ½ cup of potato flour
INSTEAD OF 1 CUP OF SUGAR (brown or white):
- ½ – 2/3 cup of honey
- ½ – ¾ cup of pure maple syrup
- 1 – 1 ¼ cups barley malt soup
- 1 – 1 1/3 cups of rice syrup
- ½ cup molasses
- 1 cup of fruit juice concentrate
- 1 cup cane juice crystals
- 1 tsp stevia powder / cup of water
- 2/3 date sugar
- 2 tsp monkfruit powder / cup of water
- ½ cup dried fruit chopped and simmered in 2/3 – 1 cup of water. Use the fruit only as a replacement for the sugar. If the recipe calls for the liquid then use the fruit water.